Hambruna roja: La guerra de Stalin contra Ucrania
- Downloads：5897
- Type：Epub+TxT+PDF+Mobi
- Create Date：2022-08-23 12:17:35
- Update Date：2025-09-24
- Status：finish
- Author：Anne Applebaum
- ISBN：6073815182
- Environment：PC/Android/iPhone/iPad/Kindle
- Download
Summary
The momentous new book from the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Gulag and Iron Curtain。
In 1932-33， nearly four million Ukrainians died of starvation， having been deliberately deprived of food。 It is one of the most devastating episodes in the history of the twentieth century。 With unprecedented authority and detail， Red Famine investigates how this happened， who was responsible， and what the consequences were。 It is the fullest account yet published of these terrible events。
The book draws on a mass of archival material and first-hand testimony only available since the end of the Soviet Union， as well as the work of Ukrainian scholars all over the world。 It includes accounts of the famine by those who survived it， describing what human beings can do when driven mad by hunger。 It shows how the Soviet state ruthlessly used propaganda to turn neighbours against each other in order to expunge supposedly 'anti-revolutionary' elements。 It also records the actions of extraordinary individuals who did all they could to relieve the suffering。
The famine was rapidly followed by an attack on Ukraine's cultural and political leadership - and then by a denial that it had ever happened at all。 Census reports were falsified and memory suppressed。 Some western journalists shamelessly swallowed the Soviet line; others bravely rejected it， and were undermined and harassed。 The Soviet authorities were determined not only that Ukraine should abandon its national aspirations， but that the country's true history should be buried along with its millions of victims。 Red Famine， a triumph of scholarship and human sympathy， is a milestone in the recovery of those memories and that history。 At a moment of crisis between Russia and Ukraine， it also shows how far the present is shaped by the past。
Reviews
sarah zhou
，
dnf @ 26%although interesting， a bit too much history and a little too dense for my taste
Booreiss
，
4。5 This book took me longer to read because of the excruciating content。 I thought the book covered 1918 to the present， but at page 200 when I was still in the 1920s ， I realized it really ended in 1933。 So 400 pages of detailed descriptions of famine， starvation， cruelty， deception and desperation。 She is incredibly thorough covering not only the reasons for the famine perpetuated by Lenin/ Stalin against the Ukraine， but the press coverage of the same， face saving measures and the positions 4。5 This book took me longer to read because of the excruciating content。 I thought the book covered 1918 to the present， but at page 200 when I was still in the 1920s ， I realized it really ended in 1933。 So 400 pages of detailed descriptions of famine， starvation， cruelty， deception and desperation。 She is incredibly thorough covering not only the reasons for the famine perpetuated by Lenin/ Stalin against the Ukraine， but the press coverage of the same， face saving measures and the positions of different ethnic and social groups。 The addendum written in 1918， ends on a hopeful note？ so sad given the current war in the Ukraine by descendants of the first perpetrators。One roots all the more for the survival and victory by the Ukrainians。 A must read。 。。。more
Maria
，
Clearly very well researched， a lot of detail that took me a long time to get through。 Extremely sad， almost to the point of nausea at times。 Illuminating in the current environment。
Jason Shaw
，
This is an eye opening and riveting description of the intentional famine in the Ukraine。 While many on the right might want to blame the socialism that caused this， it would be foolish to think this was the major piece。
Cherie
，
Painful and horrible to read; an in-depth look of how Stalin did his best to ruin Ukraine in so many ways; important to see in regards to the Ukraine-Russia war to understand the roots and history。
Vinum Regum
，
Reading this book while the 2022 Ukrainian war is raging gives it a much deeper significance。 The importance of Ukraine on the European and world stages today is undeniable。 It is a must read for anyone looking to better understand the Ukrainian will to fight。
Jay Resnick
，
Well researched and clearly written history of Stalin’s intentional destruction of Ukraine thru a policy of collectivization and starvation。
Kathleen
，
Am amazing book。 It explains so much about Russia and Ukraine today。 Stalin purposely and intentionally starved approximately 3 - 4 million in Ukraine in his efforts to control Ukraine。 Stalin’s officials went door to door taking all the grain， all the planting seed， any food， all tools and farm implements， destroying gardens and blocking anyone from traveling to another area where there was food。 They even killed all the dogs so the barking would not alert citizens that they were there to take Am amazing book。 It explains so much about Russia and Ukraine today。 Stalin purposely and intentionally starved approximately 3 - 4 million in Ukraine in his efforts to control Ukraine。 Stalin’s officials went door to door taking all the grain， all the planting seed， any food， all tools and farm implements， destroying gardens and blocking anyone from traveling to another area where there was food。 They even killed all the dogs so the barking would not alert citizens that they were there to take their food。 The book had a slow start for me while the author is giving the background， but then it soon became riveting。 。。。more
J
，
Well-researched and detailed account of Ukrainian history and the horrors of the Holodomor。 The current conflict with Russia has roots in the past。
Brandon Foster
，
“None of them were guilty of anything， but they belonged to a class that was guilty of everything”Very good book on the history of the Holodomor， I learned a lot about the complicated history between the USSR and Ukraine。 Horrifying details of a government using food as a political tool - I’ve always heard the quote “we are just a few meals away from anarchy” - and it’s completely true。 Grain collectivization， requisitions， border restrictions， and forced labor contributed to the terrible famine “None of them were guilty of anything， but they belonged to a class that was guilty of everything”Very good book on the history of the Holodomor， I learned a lot about the complicated history between the USSR and Ukraine。 Horrifying details of a government using food as a political tool - I’ve always heard the quote “we are just a few meals away from anarchy” - and it’s completely true。 Grain collectivization， requisitions， border restrictions， and forced labor contributed to the terrible famine that Stalin knew was happened and could’ve helped avoid， but doubled down on decisions that made the famine worse in Ukraine。Really only critique is the beginning was a little choppy while trying to learn about Ukraine’s history as compared to the Bolshevik revolutions of the early 20th century - there was a lot of confusing back and forth there and it felt a little out of the scope of this book。 。。。more
James Perkins
，
This is a non-fiction book by American journalist and historian Anne Applebaum。 It tells the story of the “Holomodor”， a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians。 Published in 2017， and making use of recently improved access to Soviet archives， it ties the famine into the politics of the period that the reader can easily extrapolate into background to the 2022 Russian invasion。 The most harrowing part of the tale is the desperate actions of people st This is a non-fiction book by American journalist and historian Anne Applebaum。 It tells the story of the “Holomodor”， a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians。 Published in 2017， and making use of recently improved access to Soviet archives， it ties the famine into the politics of the period that the reader can easily extrapolate into background to the 2022 Russian invasion。 The most harrowing part of the tale is the desperate actions of people starving to death although the most disturbing by far is the stupidity， arrogance and disinformation that we can see repeated in various forms today in modern domestic and international politics， and not just in Russia。 It’s a tragic story， and deserves our attention， but this particular account of it looks at the Ukraine situation as if it was unique， downplaying Stalin’s long record of ruthless political cruelties， including other planned famines， instigated across the entirety of Soviet Russia。 Worth a read - just remember that there is much more to it than what is related here。 。。。more
Nathan
，
An incredible book that I read at an incredible time in history。 This well-researched book makes it clear that Russia's persecution of Ukraine is not recent。 It's been throughout history。 They call it "Little Russia" and refuse to recognize it as independent - in the 1930s as independent from the USSR and today as independent from Russia。It's sickening the lengths that the Soviet state went to starve Ukrainian peasants， treat any attempt to survive as counter-revolutionary， and then to cover up An incredible book that I read at an incredible time in history。 This well-researched book makes it clear that Russia's persecution of Ukraine is not recent。 It's been throughout history。 They call it "Little Russia" and refuse to recognize it as independent - in the 1930s as independent from the USSR and today as independent from Russia。It's sickening the lengths that the Soviet state went to starve Ukrainian peasants， treat any attempt to survive as counter-revolutionary， and then to cover up that the famine even occurred， let alone that it was perpetrated by the communist government。 One of the darkest times in history among a whole string of dark times and a cautionary tale for those watching history repeating itself today。 。。。more
Thomas
，
Not long after Russia launched its invasion of its next-door neighbor Ukraine at the end of February 2022， my local paper， the Los Angeles Times， featured a list of ten or so books it recommended for anyone who wanted more background and context on the history of these two countries' stormy relationship， including Russia's sense of entitlement over Ukraine。 One of those recommended books was Red Famine: Stalin's War on Ukraine。As it happens， I already had this book， a Christmas gift from my moth Not long after Russia launched its invasion of its next-door neighbor Ukraine at the end of February 2022， my local paper， the Los Angeles Times， featured a list of ten or so books it recommended for anyone who wanted more background and context on the history of these two countries' stormy relationship， including Russia's sense of entitlement over Ukraine。 One of those recommended books was Red Famine: Stalin's War on Ukraine。As it happens， I already had this book， a Christmas gift from my mother back in 2017 when it came out。 I've been a fan of the author， the Washington Post's Anne Applebaum， since her Pulitzer-winning 2004 tome， Gulag: A History。 Since Christmas 2017， Red Famine had been sitting in my formidable to-read pile。 Once I saw the Times article， I moved it to the top and dove in。While it makes for a sobering read， I would also agree with the Times' assessment that it's a vitally important read for anyone who wants to understand the inner workings of Putin's head， and those of the Ukrainians who are fighting back。 Before this book， I didn't appreciate Ukraine's dubious status as the "Ireland of Eastern Europe，" a country that had been colonized by one imperial power after another （e。g。 Poland， the Habsburgs of Austria-Hungry， Tsarist Russia） over hundreds of years， before the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917。 Nor did I grasp that the year 1917 was only the kickoff of years of rebellion and chaos in Ukraine， not to speak of multiple famines， as the country valiantly pushed back against the Bolshevik incursion， ultimately to no avail， but enough to put a scare into the Moscow leadership， including and especially Stalin。And it's that scare that helps explain the unbelievably harsh and punitive measures that Stalin exacts on Ukraine throughout the 1920s leading up to the Holodomor of 1932-33， an event which basically serves as the narrative's climax。 Along the way， Anne Applebaum harnesses the newly accessible sources to which she was granted access to a degree I would call heroic。 She utilizes these contemporaneous sources （e。g。 diaries， memoirs， Community party reports， secret police logs。。。） to their full as she methodically works her way up to and through the Holodomor。 She even takes the time to describe what happens to a human being who is starving， not just the body， but the mind， how human behavior itself is altered into a devolved state whereby the starving human being becomes capable of things hitherto deemed unfathomable （think cannibalism）。For the denouement， Anne Applebaum describes vividly how Ukraine and Moscow engaged in a sort of subversive tug-of-war over the memory and legacy of the Holodomor， but it's only after the Cold War when things really got interesting。 And while I remember some of the events the author recounts， my broad-brush-strokes memory of them was only a prelude to the reams of detail into which she delves as she explains why the Holodomor， to this day， has not achieved the same degree of global recognition and notoriety as the Holocaust。 And that's what makes it a sobering read all the way through to the end， as the Ukrainians face one bulwark after another as they fight for the right to their own national memory， and with it， a right to process their own grief and trauma as their own， without being told otherwise by yet another would-be colonizer。By the end of this book， coupled with what's transpired in Ukraine since the book's publication， you feel in your marrow that the time is high as it should be nigh for Ukraine to claim its history （and culture and heritage and language and memory） as its own。 。。。more
Taylor Kennedy
，
This is a full on history book and required some perseverance。 This was a very methodical and well researched history of the holodomor in Ukraine 🇺🇦。 While it was as a very grim book it was super interesting and gave great context for the war today。
Sara
，
An incredible amount of historical information that is extremely well written。 Even more devastating given the current events， but the resiliency and determination of Ukraine is something that should be admired and followed。
Pedro Enguita
，
Hambruna roja es un excelente libro， profusamente documentado， sobre el Holodomor， la gran hambruna de Ucrania de 1933 en la que fallecieron unas 4 millones de personas。El libro arranca con una breve pero necesaria introducción al nacimiento del nacionalismo ucraniano en el siglo XIX。 En este aspecto es riguroso y se limita a narrar este surgimiento desde el punto de vista histórico， sin caer en absurdas reivindicaciones nacionalistas。 Comenta también el choque entre las ciudades （más rusificada Hambruna roja es un excelente libro， profusamente documentado， sobre el Holodomor， la gran hambruna de Ucrania de 1933 en la que fallecieron unas 4 millones de personas。El libro arranca con una breve pero necesaria introducción al nacimiento del nacionalismo ucraniano en el siglo XIX。 En este aspecto es riguroso y se limita a narrar este surgimiento desde el punto de vista histórico， sin caer en absurdas reivindicaciones nacionalistas。 Comenta también el choque entre las ciudades （más rusificadas） y el campo （más ucranizado）。 Sigue luego con el caos que comportó la Revolución de Octubre y la Guerra Civil Rusa， caos que alcanzó proporciones épicas en Ucrania （Kiev cambió de manos 12 veces en 1919）， con múltiples facciones y bandoleros。 Es probablemente la parte más difícil de seguir del libro puesto que es fácil perderse entre tantos bandos。Tras la victoria de los rojos y la incorporación de Ucrania a la URSS， Moscú mantuvo una política de tolerancia con el nacionalismo ucraniano。 Si bien este no cuadraba con el ideal del homo sovieticus， las autoridades de la URSS estaban dispuesta a laissez-faire。 Hasta aquí， nada que objetar。Al empezar la colectivización de las tierras se producen un choque entre los campesinos que poseen tierras y que， lógicamente， se oponen a la colectivización y aquellos que no tienen y que se ven como potenciales beneficiarios。 Las autoridades soviéticas no tardan en hacer algo que es muy marxista: separar a los campesinos en clases， la clase de los propietarios serán ahora los kulaks y se convierten en los enemigos del pueblo， mientras que los campesinos pobres son promovidos a posiciones de poder en el nuevo sistema。 De nuevo， una parte impecable。El verdadero drama comienza cuando Stalin se da cuenta de que las granjas grandes son más productivas que las pequeñas y decide dar el empujón definitivo a la colectivización， que supuestamente debe ser "voluntaria"。 Súmese eso a una fabulosas necesidades de alimentos para las ciudades creadas por la industralización y el problema se empieza a desmadrar: se quiere acometer simultáneamente la colectivización con el aumento de producción。 Los kulaks son obligados a entregar su ganado， sus cosechas y sus tierras para alimentar las ciudades y crear las granjas colectivas。 Lógicamente muchos rehúsan y sacrifican su ganado antes que entregarlo o esconden sus cosechas。 La represión del sistemas se incrementa: los kulaks pasan a ser saboteadores， los culpables del fracaso de la producción。 En su ceguera， las autoridades llegan a confiscar el grano que se necesita para plantar la siguiente cosecha。 Llegados a este punto， la catástrofe es inevitable。Aquí viene， sin embargo， el único punto débil del libro。 1933 no solo fue un año catastrófico para Ucrania， también lo fue en el Volga y en Kuban。 Si bien había características especiales en Ucrania （no había tradición de granjas colectivas， como sí lo había en Rusia， y los campesinos， reductos del "ucraninismo" eran vistos como un potencial peligro nacionalista desde Moscú）， el libro hubiera sido mejor si se hubiera comparado más la cuestión ucraniana con el contexto general de la URSS en 1933。 A favor de la visión del Holodomor como un genocidio figura que， además de matar a Ucrania de hambre， la URSS también se encargó de apartar todos los elementos ucranizantes de la esfera de poder。Una vez llega la hambruna， el libro no ahorra detalles escabrosos sobre los efectos de la misma。 El hambre， las enfermedades， la degeneración del ser humano。。。 En una de las frases que más me impactó del libro dice "seguir con vida se convirtió en sospechoso"。 No hay más preguntas， señoría。Con millones de personas muriendo de hambre uno esperaría una reacción de las autoridades。 Pues no， las autoridades soviéticas que， a pesar de saber lo que estaba pasando， deciden no ayudar a los "saboteadores" hasta que no es demasiado tarde。 Cabe preguntarse hasta qué punto es negación de la realidad， cinismo o simple y pura maldad。 El libro cierta al decir que Moscú sabía lo que estaba pasando， pero no profundiza demasiado en cómo calificar a las autoridades soviéticas。El libro termina con el encubrimiento de lo sucedido， calificándolo de "propaganda nazi"， hasta su redescubrimiento con la glasnost y la importancia del Holodomor en la conciencia nacional ucraniana。En resumen， es un excelente libro sobre el Holodomor， profusamente documentado y con una enorme cantidad de testimonios。 Tantos testimonios， sin embargo， a veces hacen perder un poco la visión global del asunto。 Como única pega， eché de menos una comparativa más exhaustiva entre la hambruna de 1933 en Ucrania y otras regiones de la URSS， un punto clave a la hora de determinar hasta qué punto se puede considerar el Holodomor un genocidio。 。。。more
Sherry Mabry
，
I definitely learned more about Ukraine - important in this day and age。 While the book is about Stalin's purposefully induced famine of 1932-33， it it is also about his destruction of Ukraine's intellectuals， language， and culture。 There's an argument over what to call what was done， but ya know - if it looks like genocide。。。The book is well researched， but is just so depressing。 Many， many examples of horrible things are presented to the point of numbness。 Sometimes less is more。You will certa I definitely learned more about Ukraine - important in this day and age。 While the book is about Stalin's purposefully induced famine of 1932-33， it it is also about his destruction of Ukraine's intellectuals， language， and culture。 There's an argument over what to call what was done， but ya know - if it looks like genocide。。。The book is well researched， but is just so depressing。 Many， many examples of horrible things are presented to the point of numbness。 Sometimes less is more。You will certainly come away with a better understanding of the bad feelings between Russia and Ukraine。 Makes you wonder if the conflict will ever be resolved。 。。。more
Chris
，
This is a very in-depth history of the Ukraine in the twentieth century， not just the years of the Holodomor in 1932-33， so Applebaum gives the reader a good background and introduction to the terrible famine which Stalin deliberately unleashed on the Ukrainian people in the thirties。 At times it was harrowing reading the details of how people starved and tried to cope with the forced confiscation of any form of food if they refused to join a Soviet collective farm。 Although collectivization was This is a very in-depth history of the Ukraine in the twentieth century， not just the years of the Holodomor in 1932-33， so Applebaum gives the reader a good background and introduction to the terrible famine which Stalin deliberately unleashed on the Ukrainian people in the thirties。 At times it was harrowing reading the details of how people starved and tried to cope with the forced confiscation of any form of food if they refused to join a Soviet collective farm。 Although collectivization was the apparent reason for the brutal measures against the Ukrainian peasantry， Applebaum clearly persuades the reader that Stalin all along saw them as a threat and was out to destroy them， or at least enfeeble them to an extent that they no longer felt themselves to be a separate nation from Russia （does any of this sound familiar？ It ought to in 2022！）。 It became clear to me through reading this book that Putin's current war on the Ukraine is just a re-run of Stalin's terrorising the country， and indeed previous Russian aggression against its people and its very existence in the mind as a separate entity。 A magnificent work， fully supported by copious documentation and eye-witness accounts。 A good read if you want to understand why Putin is now waging war against the Ukraine， even if you may find some of the details upsetting。 。。。more
Danica Page （One Page at a Time）
，
4。5 First I knew little about this topic before reading the book， so I can’t rate from that perspective。 But I found this book to be extremely informative。 I learned so much， which is exactly what I was hoping for。 Well written。
Reija Haapanen
，
Huomattavan ajankohtainen kirja。 Tilasin tämän nettiantikvariaatista viime vuoden puolella ja nythän tästä on uusi painos Venäjän hyökkäyksen myötä。 Toivottavasti uusintapainokseen on korjattu edes osa runsaista lause- ja painovirheistä。 Kai on niin， että kirjoja ei ehdi kukaan enää kustannustoimittaa， vaan käännös menee sellaisenaan painatukseen， mutta itseä alkoi lukiessa jo ketuttaa。
Cassy
，
Who recommended this book to me: List from NPR re books about Ukraine
Theredcentipede
，
This book not only described the Holodomor， but also did a fine job explaining it—the whys， hows， who’s， etc。 What was the state of Ukraine and the USSR before the Holodomor， what does it mean to be a Ukrainian， what do others believe the word “Ukrainian” to mean， how did people talk about the famine after the fact， and how was the famine used as a tool for political manipulations？Despite addressing all the items above， the author still made a point of “showing” the reader the Holodomor through This book not only described the Holodomor， but also did a fine job explaining it—the whys， hows， who’s， etc。 What was the state of Ukraine and the USSR before the Holodomor， what does it mean to be a Ukrainian， what do others believe the word “Ukrainian” to mean， how did people talk about the famine after the fact， and how was the famine used as a tool for political manipulations？Despite addressing all the items above， the author still made a point of “showing” the reader the Holodomor through quotes from people who lived through it （I read the book over Audible， so if there were any maps or photographs， I did not see them）。 I think Applebaum walked that line between the personal and the factual very well。 Too many personal remembrances and explicit details regarding the starvation could feel like voyeurism， but without any， the reader mat forget that this wasn’t just an economic and population hiccup， it was a human disaster。 。。。more
Siyeon Joo
，
Not as long as one might think and gave me a much deeper appreciation for the people of Ukraine。 It also （very） deeply covered the Holodomor， which is not well taught in schools or from the books I read as a child although I covered immersed myself in Word War 2 content。
Khetha
，
Read this in 2022 ahead of the invasion， nevertheless my analysis is now colored by the war。 This is a tragic story。
Hana
，
Really useful for understanding the history of Russian denial of Ukrainian sovereignty and equation of Ukrainian nationalism with fascism。 The epilogues conclusion that Ukrainian sovereignty can no longer be denied did not age well :（
Kathy Gates
，
Although difficult to get through due to the atrocities described， this book was incredibly enlightening。 I had little awareness of the historical struggles of the Ukrainian people with regard to Russian occupiers prior to reading this book。 Knowing more about the history helps me understand current events。 Kudos to the author for producing such a timely， helpful book。
Chao
，
Perhaps a bit too much details that became a tad repetitive， but there were so many threads to sort out， combined with lack of official numbers， that the details were probably necessary to draw a more solid conclusion。
Bob Luxenberg
，
This is a tough read。 Not because the writing isn’t excellent。 But reading hundreds of pages of highly documented deliberate mass murder - and even cannibalism- isn’t an easy task。 But especially given Putin’s assault on Ukraine — and his propaganda war against a Ukrainian identity （which Applebaum superbly establishes， as did Conquest before her）， this should be a must-read for any student of 20th century history。
Kristin
，
What a book！ Such a powerful， developed history/context for the current war on Ukraine。 Meticulously researched and written in an engaging， compelling style。 Learned so much about this area of the world/era of history。
Douglas Brouwer
，